Waitaki Dam (1934)
Power to the people
Work began on the Waitaki Dam, the first large state hydroelectric scheme in the South Island since Lake Coleridge, in mid-1928 at a site 7 km from the Kurow railhead. It was the last major dam built by pick, shovel and wheelbarrow, tools anachronistically retained because politicians wanted to reduce the unemployment rate. At its peak 1200 men laboured in often dangerous and freezing conditions; 350 houses and 700 huts sheltered them from the extremes of North Otago winters, but work conditions and high accident rates made Waitaki a bleak site.
The Waitaki Dam owes its true significance to its role as an incubator for Labour’s social security scheme. In 1928 a site-based Waitaki Hydro Medical Association contracted with the Waitaki Hospital Board to provide medical and ambulance services, paid for by a monthly deduction from wages. Dr David McMillan, ‘the little doctor’, and the Reverend Arnold Nordmeyer, both of whom entered Parliament at the 1935 election, based Labour’s social security scheme on their Waitaki experience. A commemorative plaque adorns McMillan’s old surgery at nearby Kurow.
The dam is 48 m high and 542 m long. Unusually, Waitaki does not have a spillway - the water flows over the top, making a spectacular sight in floods as the flow breaks up on the disrupters on the dam face. When Governor-General Lord Bledisloe opened Waitaki on 27 October 1934, its 30 megawatts provided about half the mainland’s electricity. Modifications have boosted that to the current 90 megawatts.
The old village, once home to 40 staff and their families, has struggled to survive. Covenanted by the Heritage New Zealand but empty since the late 1980s, it was put up for mortgagee sale in 2001, lock, stock, houses, lodge, garages and utilities.
Further information
This site is item number 91 on the History of New Zealand in 100 Places list.
Websites
- Heritage New Zealand List entry
- Hydroelectricity – Te Ara
- Meridian Energy's Waitaki hydro scheme
- David McMillan biography – Te Ara
- Arnold Nordmeyer biography – Te Ara
Book
G.G. Natusch, Waitaki dammed and the origins of Social Security, Otago Heritage Books, Dunedin, 1984
Text: Gavin McLean, 2013
Main image: Natalia V (Flickr)
Other contemporary image: DJ McLeod (Flickr)
Historic images:
Alexander Turnbull Library
References: 1/1-003835-G, 1/1-003838-G and WA-62049-F (photographed by Whites Aviation)
Permission of the Alexander Turnbull Library, National Library of New Zealand, Te Puna Matauranga o Aotearoa, must be obtained before any reuse of their images.