Pai Mārire
The Christian missionaries
Agents of virtue
Exploring New Zealand's interior
Once the early European explorers had determined the basic outline of the New Zealand islands, the few remaining coastal puzzles were solved by visiting sealers, whalers and those engaged in the early timber and flax trade. In 1804 the American sealer Owen F. Smith discovered Foveaux Strait, disproving James Cook’s idea that Stewart Island might be joined to the South Island.
Overview - a frontier of chaos?
Setting the scene
New South Wales and New Zealand
The establishment of a British penal colony at Port Jackson (Sydney) in 1788 ensured that New Zealand would eventually come into contact with the British state. Sealers and whalers started operating in New Zealand in the last years of the 18th century. Over the next 50 years New Zealand became an economic and cultural outpost of New South Wales. Sydney’s merchant and commercial community took an increasing interest in affairs across the Tasman Sea. New Zealand also became part of a Pacific-wide trade system.
The death of Carl Völkner - Pai Marire
The ritual killing by Pai Marire followers of missionary Carl Völkner in 1865 shocked many people. The government used the event as a reason to take harsh action against Pai Marire in general.
The death of Carl Völkner
Captain Stewart and the <em>Elizabeth</em> - a frontier of chaos?
Men of vice or virtue? - missionaries
Thomas Kendall
Fixing God's house - missionaries
The work of Henry Williams
By 1823 three Church Missionary Society (CMS) stations had been established in the Bay of Islands, and Henry Williams took over the leadership of the society's operations in New Zealand.
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