1820s iwi movements map

This map shows the major iwi movements of the 1820s caused by the inter-tribal conflicts known as the Musket Wars. These battles often drove tribes out of their traditional areas and into exile with extended family.

The near neighbours of Nga Puhi bore the brunt of their assaults: Ngati Whatua sought refuge in the Waikato, as did Marutuahu in the upper Waihou. Areas such as Tamaki and the lower Waihou were temporarily depopulated.