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Pai Marire (Hauhau) supporters believed that rituals would protect them against bullets. The painter, Herbert Meade, is one of the seated, bound figures.
A 'Niu pole' with three flags was a feature of Hauhau ceremonies. The 'Riki' flag or pennant was a war flag, while the 'Ruru' flag represented peace. The relative positions of these flags on the Niu pole indicated whether the spirit behind the gathering was peaceful or hostile. A third flag representing the priest conducting the ceremony was also flown.
Alexander Turnbull Library
Reference: B-139-014
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