Charles Upham is probably New Zealand's most famous soldier. His actions in Crete in 1941 and Egypt in 1942 led to his becoming one of only three people – and the only combat soldier – ever to win the Victoria Cross twice.
Parihaka had come to symbolise protest gainst the confiscation of Māori land. Its leaders, Te Whiti and Tohu Kakahi, were arrested and exiled until March 1883.
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